Understanding Trauma and Co-Occurring Addiction
Experiencing a trauma is a shocking and often unpredictable life event. The range of traumatic events is diverse, but basically a trauma is anything that evokes a deep sense of fear and anxiety caused by a perceived danger to self. Examples of traumatic events include:
- An event where there is perceived risk of physical or psychological harm
- Death of a family member, spouse, or close friend
- Physical injury, such as being in a serious car accident
- Divorce
- Stress related to combat
- A serious illness
- Abandonment or neglect in childhood
- Sexual abuse or rape
- Domestic abuse
- Physical assault
- Natural disasters
Addiction is the end result of a severe substance use disorder, at which point the individual feels powerless against the cravings that drive the disorder. Substance abuse is a maladaptive coping mechanism that is common in individuals who have experienced trauma.
The drugs or alcohol provide a way to self-medicate the emotional pain that is so prevalent in trauma survivors. As tolerance increases, the individual needs to consume more of the substance to achieve the desired numbing effects, which can result in a dual diagnosis of addiction and trauma disorder.